Resources » Publications

VIRxSYS frequently has its research and development published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.  The list below describes those articles, and provides links to the respective abstracts and information on how to get full copies of the articles.

Phase I Clinical Trial
Structure and safety features of VIRxSYS vector
Vector-mediated anti-HIV gene transfer to T cells & anti-HIV efficacy
Lack of resistant HIV in response to anti-HIV vector therapy
Safety-related release testing for the HIV clinical trial
Production of vector used in clinical trials
Method and efficiency of vector-mediated gene transfer to stem cells
Method and efficiency of selection of vector-modified stem cells
Large-scale vector production
A review of the history leading to the first lentiviral vector clinical trial
Inhibition of simian/human immunodeficiency virus

Articles related to SMaRT™ RNA Technology

Correction of Tau Mis-Splicing
Trans-splicing Into Albumin Transcripts
2-Mediated Segmental Trans-splicing
Development of Vector Enhances SMN2 trans-splicing
Pre-mRNA Imaging Using RNA Trans-Splicing
Imaging Regulation Using Trans-Splicing

SMaRT Enables Gene Expression Repair
5' Trans-Splicing Repair of PLEC1
Modulating Disease Genes with RNA-Based Therapy
Delivery of Trans-Splicing RNA Redirects SMN2 pre-mRNA Splicing
Correction of DNA Protein Kinase Deficiency Using RNA Trans-Splicing
Alternative Splicing
RNA Repair For Hemophilia A

Reprogramming of Tau Alternative Splicing
Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing With rAAV
Alternative Splicing

Reprogramming Gene Expression By Trans-Splicing
Spliceosome-mediated RNA Trans-Splicing
Gene Transfer-Mediated Pre-mRNA Segmental Trans-Splicing for Cancer Therapy
Lentivral Vector For Correction of X-Linked Immunodeficiency in Mice
Conventional Gene Replacement vs. SMaRTTM
RNA Repair Via RNA Trans-Splicing
Proof of Concept of SMaRT for Visualizing Gene Expression

Alternative Splicing
Re-Programming Gene Expression Using SMaRTTM
Proof of Concept of Segmental Trans-Splicing in Mice
Correction of Pathogenic Mutations by SMaRTTM
Use of SMaRTTM for Antibodies Production

SMaRTTM Compared to "Spicing Endonuclease"
Repair of Hemophilia A Mutations by SMaRTTM
Repair by RNA Trans-Splicing
Messenger RNA Reprogramming by SMaRTTM
Correction of Inherited Skin Diseases Using SMaRTTM
Emerging RNA Therapeutics Including SMaRTTM
Repair of F508 CFTR Mutation Using SMaRTTM
Messenger RNA Repair Using SMaRTTM

Development of SMaRTTM to Replace Part of Cancer Causing Sequence
Types of SMaRTTM Reactions For Gene Therapy

Collagen 17A1 Gene Correction Using SMaRTTM
Repair of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Condcutance Regulator By SMaRTTM

SMaRTTM For Gene Therapy & RNA Repair 



Phase I Clinical Trial
Gene Transfer in Humans using a Conditionally Replicating Lentiviral Vector

Levine B, Humeau L, Boyer J, MacGregor RR, Rebello T, Lu X, Binder GK, Slepushkin V, Lemiale F, Mascola J, Bushman F, Dropulic B, and June C. Gene Transfer in Humans using a conditionally replicating Lentiviral Vector. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences; online November 6, 2006.

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Structure and safety features of VIRxSYS vector
Safe Two-plasmid Production for the First Clinical Lentivirus Vector that Achieves > 99% Transduction in Primary Cells Using a One-step Protocol

Lu X, Humeau L, Slepushkin V, Binder G, Yu Q, Slepushkina T, Chen Z, Merling R, Davis B, Chang YN, Dropulic B. Safe two-plasmid production for the first clinical lentivirus vector that achieves >99% transduction in primary cells using a one-step protocol.   J Gene Med. 2004 Sep;6(9):963-73.
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Vector-mediated anti-HIV gene transfer to T cells and anti-HIV efficacy
Efficient lentiviral vector-mediated control of HIV-1 replication in CD4 lymphocytes from diverse HIV+ infected patients grouped according to CD4 count and viral load

Humeau LM, Binder GK, Lu X, Slepushkin V, Merling R, Echeagaray P, Pereira M, Slepushkina T, Barnett S, Dropulic LK, Carroll R, Levine BL, June CH, Dropulic B.  Efficient lentiviral vector-mediated control of HIV-1 replication in CD4 lymphocytes from diverse HIV+ infected patients grouped according to CD4 count and viral load.   Mol Ther. 2004 Jun;9(6):902-13.
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Lack of resistant HIV in response to anti-HIV vector therapy
Antisense-mediated inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication because of an HIV type 1-based vector results in severely attenuated mutants incapable of developing resistance

Lu X, Yu Q, Binder GK, Chen Z, Slepushkina T, Rossi J, Dropulic B.  Antisense-mediated inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication by use of an HIV type 1-based vector results in severely attenuated mutants incapable of developing resistance.   J Virol. 2004 Jul;78(13):7079-88. 
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Safety-related release testing for the HIV clinical trial
Release Testing of an HIV-1 Based Lentiviral Vector Lot and Transduced Cellular Product

Schonely K, Afable C, Slepushkin V, Lu X, Andre K, Boehmer J, Bengston K, Doub M, Cohen R, Berlinger D, Slepushkina T, Chen Z, Li Y, Binder G, Davis B, Humeau L, Dropulic B.  QC release testing of an HIV-1 based lentiviral vector lot and transduced cellular product.   2003. Bioproc. J. 2: 39-47. 
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Production of vector used in clinical trials
Large-scale Purification of a Lentiviral Vector by Size Exclusion Chromatography or Mustang Q Ion Exchange Capsule

Slepushkin V, Chang N, Cohen R, Gan Y, Jiang B, Deausen E, Berlinger D, Binder G, Andre K, Humeau L, Dropulic B.  Large-scale purification of a lentiviral vector by size exclusion chromatography or mustang Q ion exchange capsule. 2003. Bioprocessing J. 2: 89-95.
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Method and efficiency of vector-mediated gene transfer to stem cells
ABC transporter inhibitors that are substrates enhance lentiviral vector transduction into primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells

Davis BM, Humeau L, Slepushkin V, Binder G, Korshalla L, Ni Y, Ogunjimi EO, Chang LF, Lu X, Dropulic B.  ABC transporter inhibitors that are substrates enhance lentiviral vector transduction into primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells.   Blood. 2004 Jul 15;104(2):364-73. Epub 2004 Apr 1.



Method and efficiency of selection of vector-modified stem cells (to improve therapeutic efficacy of a stem cell-delivered gene product)
In Vivo Selection for Human and Murine Hematopoietic Cells Transduced with a Therapeutic MGMT Lentiviral Vector that Inhibits HIV Replication

Davis BM, Humeau L, Dropulic B.  In vivo selection for human and murine hematopoietic cells transduced with a therapeutic MGMT lentiviral vector that inhibits HIV replication.   Mol Ther. 2004 Feb;9(2):160-72.



Large-scale vector production (for future vector production for wide-spread vector manufacture)
Generation of a packaging cell line for prolonged large-scale production of high-titer HIV-1 based lentiviral vector

Ni Y, Sun S, Oparaocha I, Humeau L, Davis B, Cohen R, Binder G, Chang YN, Slepushkin V, Dropulic B.  Generation of a packaging cell line for prolonged large-scale production of high-titer HIV-1-based lentiviral vector   J Gene Med. 2005 Jun;7(6):818-34.



A review of the history leading to the first lentiviral vector clinical trial
Regulatory Considerations for Novel Gene Therapy Products: A Review of the Process Leading to the First Clinical Lentiviral Vector

Manilla P, Rebello T, Afable C, Lu X, Slepushkin V, Humeau LM, Schonely K, Ni Y, Binder GK, Levine BL, MacGregor RR, June CH, Dropulic B.  Regulatory considerations for novel gene therapy products: a review of the process leading to the first clinical lentiviral vector.   Hum Gene Ther. 2005 Jan;16(1):17-25.


Inhibition of simian/human immunodeficiency virus
Inhibition of simian/human immunodeficiency virus replication in CD4+ T cells derived from lentiviral-transduced CD34+ hematopoietic cells

Braun SE, Wong FE, Connole M, Qiu G, Lee L, Gillis J, Lu X, Humeau L, Slepushkin V, Binder GK, Dropulic B, Johnson RP.  Inhibition of simian/human immunodeficiency virus replication in CD4+ T cells derived from lentiviral-transduced CD34+ hematopoietic cells.   Mol Ther. 2005 Dec;12(6):1157-67. Epub 2005 Sep 15.
 

Articles Related to SMaRT™ RNA Technology

Correction of Tau Mis-Splicing

Correction of tau mis-splicing caused by FTDP-17 MAPT mutations by spliceosome mediated RNA trans-splicing

Rodriguez-Martin, T., Anthony, K., Garcia-Blanco, M.A., Mansfield, S.G., Anderton, B.H. and Gallo, J-M. (2009). Correction of tau mis-splicing caused by FTDP-17 MAPT mutations by spliceosome mediated RNA trans-splicing. Human Molecular Genetics. In press. 

 

Trans-splicing Into Albumin Transcripts

Trans-splicing into highly abundant albumin transcripts for production of therapeutic proteins in vivo

Novel trans-splicing strategy to “hijack” highly abundant transcripts such as “albumin pre-mRNA” and production of therapeutic proteins. Examples include human Factor VIII to correct bleeding disorder, human apoA-I protein to increase HDL; the good cholesterol and human papillomavirus type-16 E7 (HPV16-E7) single-chain antibody

Wang J, Mansfield SG, Cote CA, Du Jiang P, Ke W, Amar MA, Brewer Jr. BH, Remaley AT, McGarrity GJ, Garcia-Blanco MA and Puttaraju M. (2009) Trans-splicing into highly abundant albumin transcripts for production of therapeutic proteins in vivo. Molecular Therapy 17:343-351.

2-Mediated Segmental Trans-splicing

Expression in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells by AAV6

Delivery of CFTR PTMs via human serotype vectors, AAV6.2 expressing 5’ and 3’ half-of CFTR cDNA (segmental trans-splicing) and restoration of function in human CF airway epithelial cells

Song Y, Lou H, Boyer J, Limberis M, Vandenberghe L, Hackett N, Leopold P, Wilson J, Crystal R (2009) Functional CFTR Expression in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells by AAV6. 2-mediated Segmental Trans-splicing. Hum Gene Ther. 20:267-81.

Development of Vector Enhances SMN2 trans-splicing

Development of a single vector system that enhances trans-splicing of SMN2 transcripts

Coady TH, Baughan TD, Shababi M, Passini MA, Lorson CL. (2008) Development of a single vector system that enhances trans-splicing of SMN2 transcripts. PLoS ONE. 3:e3468.

Pre-mRNA Imaging Using RNA Trans-Splicing

A generalizable strategy for imaging pre-mRNA levels in living subjects using spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing

Walls ZF, Puttaraju M, Temple GF, Gambhir SS. (2008) A generalizable strategy for imaging pre-mRNA levels in living subjects using spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing. J Nucl Med. 49:1146-54. 

Imaging Regulation Using Trans-Splicing

Imaging regulation of endogenous gene expression using spliceosome-mediated trans-splicing

Ponomarev V. (2008) Imaging regulation of endogenous gene expression using spliceosome-mediated trans-splicing. J Nucl Med. 49:1035-7.

SMaRT Enables Gene Expression Repair

SMaRT technology enables gene expression repair in skin gene therapy

Hengge UR. (2008) SMaRT technology enables gene expression repair in skin gene therapy. J Invest Dermatol. 128:499-500. 

5' Trans-Splicing Repair of PLEC1

5' trans-splicing repair of the PLEC1 gene

Wally V, Klausegger A, Koller U, Lochmüller H, Krause S, Wiche G, Mitchell LG, Hintner H, Bauer JW. (2008) 5' trans-splicing repair of the PLEC1 gene. J Invest Dermatol. 128:568-74. 

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Modulating Disease Genes with RNA-Based Therapy

Modulating the expression of disease genes with RNA-based therapy

Wood, M., Yin, H., McClorey, G. 2007. Modulating the expression of disease genes with RNA-based therapy. PLoS Genet. 2007, June, e109.

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Delivery of Trans-Splicing RNA Redirects SMN2 pre-mRNA Splicing

Restoration of SMN function: delivery of a trans-splicing RNA re-directs SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing

Coady TH, Shababi M, Tullis GE, Lorson CL. (2007) Restoration of SMN function: delivery of a trans-splicing RNA re-directs SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing. Mol Ther. 15:1471-8.

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Correction of DNA Protein Kinase Deficiency Using RNA Trans-Splicing

Correction of DNA protein kinase deficiency by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing and sleeping beauty transposon delivery

Zayed H, Xia L, Yerich A, Yant SR, Kay MA, Puttaraju M, McGarrity GJ, Wiest DL, McIvor RS, Tolar J, Blazar BR. (2007) Correction of DNA protein kinase deficiency by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing and sleeping beauty transposon delivery. Mol Ther. 15:1273-9. 

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Alternative Splicing

Alternative splicing: therapeutic target and tool

Review article on alternative splicing and therapeutic targets. Main emphasis is on antisense oligonucleotides for modulating splicing and other alternative approaches to reprogram RNAs including SMaRTTM

Garcia-Blanco MA. (2006) Alternative splicing: therapeutic target and tool. Prog Mol Subcell Biol. 44:47-64.

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RNA Repair For Hemophilia A

RNA repair for hemophilia A

Review article on SMaRTTM, special focus on repair of hemophilia A mutations

Chao H, Walsh CE. (2006) RNA repair for hemophilia A. Expert Rev Mol Med. 8:1-8.

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Reprogramming of Tau Alternative Splicing

Reprogramming of tau alternative splicing by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing: implications for tauopathies

Rodriguez-Martin T, Garcia-Blanco MA, Mansfield SG, Grover AC, Hutton M, Yu Q, Zhou J, Anderton BH, Gallo JM. (2005) Reprogramming of tau alternative splicing by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing: implications for tauopathies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102:15659-64.

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Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing With rAAV

Spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing with recombinant adeno-associated virus partially restores cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator function to polarized human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells

Use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors expressing CFTR PTMs to repair the major mutation (F508) in polarized human CF airway epithelial cells and restoration of function

Liu X, Luo M, Zhang LN, Yan Z, Zak R, Ding W, Mansfield SG, Mitchell LG, Engelhardt JF. (2005) Spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing with recombinant adeno-associated virus partially restores cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator function to polarized human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Hum Gene Ther. 16:1116-23.

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Alternative Splicing

Making antisense of splicing

Review article on alternative splicing and creation of abundant therapeutic targets for oligonucleotide-based molecular approaches for modulating various types of splicing events as well as other RNA repair/reprogram strategies

Garcia-Blanco MA. Making antisense of splicing. Curr Opin Mol Ther. (2005) 7:476-82.

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Reprogramming Gene Expression By Trans-Splicing

Gene therapy progress and prospects: reprogramming gene expression by trans-splicing

Review article on SMaRTTM – an update on recent developments and progress

Mitchell LG, McGarrity GJ. (2005) Gene therapy progress and prospects: reprogramming gene expression by trans-splicing. Gene Ther. 12:1477-85.

Spliceosome-mediated RNA Trans-Splicing

Spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing

Review article on SMaRTTM, main focus is on repair of hemophilia A mutations

Yang Y, Walsh CE. (2005) Spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing. Mol Ther. 12:1006-12.

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Gene Transfer-Mediated Pre-mRNA Segmental Trans-Splicing for Cancer Therapy

Gene transfer-mediated pre-mRNA segmental trans-splicing as a strategy to deliver intracellular toxins for cancer therapy

Nakayama K, Pergolizzi RG, Crystal RG. (2005). Gene transfer-mediated pre-mRNA segmental trans-splicing as a strategy to deliver intracellular toxins for cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 65:254-63.

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Lentivral Vector For Correction of X-Linked Immunodeficiency in Mice

Trans-splicing repair of CD40 ligand deficiency results in naturally regulated correction of a mouse model of hyper-IgM X-linked immunodeficiency

Ex vivo gene therapy with a lentiviral vector expressing PTM for correction of X-linked immunodeficiency mutations in mice

Tahara M, Pergolizzi RG, Kobayashi H, Krause A, Luettich K, Lesser ML, Crystal RG. (2004). Trans-splicing repair of CD40 ligand deficiency results in naturally regulated correction of a mouse model of hyper-IgM X-linked immunodeficiency. Nat Med. 10: 835-841.

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Conventional Gene Replacement vs. SMaRTTM

Genetic medicine at the RNA level: modifications of the genetic repertoire for therapeutic purposes by pre-mRNA trans-splicing

Review article describes the differences between conventional gene replacement strategy vs. SMaRTTM to modify the genetic information to treat genetic and acquired disorders, the main advantageous and limitations etc   

Pergolizzi RG, Crystal RG. (2004) Genetic medicine at the RNA level: modifications of the genetic repertoire for therapeutic purposes by pre-mRNA trans-splicing. C R Biol.  327:695-709.

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RNA Repair Via RNA Trans-Splicing

RNA repair using spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing

Review article describes cis-splicing, trans-splicing and different types of SMaRTTM confirmed and available for mRNA repair, potential advantageous and limitations of SMaRTTM compared to traditional gene therapy strategies

Mansfield SG, Chao H, Walsh CE. (2004). RNA repair using spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing. Trends Mol Med. 10:263-8.

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Proof of Concept of SMaRT for Visualizing Gene Expression

Molecular imaging of gene expression in living subjects by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing

First proof-of-concept demonstrating the use of SMaRTTM for visualizing gene expression

Bhaumik S, Walls Z, Puttaraju M, Mitchell LG, Gambhir SS. (2004). Molecular imaging of gene expression in living subjects by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 101:8693-8698.

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Alternative Splicing

Alternative splicing in disease and therapy

Review article on alternative splicing and its effect in creating diversity, human disease and available therapies to repair genetic mutations including SMaRTTM

Garcia-Blanco MA, Baraniak AP, Lasda EL. (2004). Alternative splicing in disease and therapy. Nat Biotechnol. 22:535-46.

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Re-Programming Gene Expression Using SMaRTTM

Re-Programming Gene Expression Using Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing (SMaRT™)

Review of current status of SMaRT™ technology

Otto, E., Temple, G. F., and McGarrity, G. J. (2003).  Re-Programming Gene Expression Using Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing (SMaRT™). Current Drug Discovery. Pages 37-42.

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Proof of Concept of Segmental Trans-Splicing in Mice

In vivo trans-splicing of 5' and 3' segments of pre-mRNA directed by corresponding DNA sequences delivered by gene transfer

Proof-of-concept showing the production of functional cobratoxin in mice via co-delivery of two plasmids termed “segmental trans-splicing”

Pergolizzi RG, Ropper AE, Dragos R, Reid AC, Nakayama K, Tan Y, Ehteshami JR, Coleman SH, Silver RB, Hackett NR, Menez A, Crystal RG. (2003) In vivo trans-splicing of 5' and 3' segments of pre-mRNA directed by corresponding DNA sequences delivered by gene transfer. Mol Ther. 8:999-1008.

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Correction of Pathogenic Mutations by SMaRTTM

Type XVII collagen gene mutations in junctional epidermolysis bullosa and prospects for gene therapy

Review article summarizes the results for correction of pathogenic mutations responsible for skin disease (epidermolysis bullosa) by SMaRTTM  

Bauer JW, Lanschuetzer C. (2003). Type XVII collagen gene mutations in junctional epidermolysis bullosa and prospects for gene therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol. 28:53-60.

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Use of SMaRTTM for Antibodies Production

In-cell generation of antibody single-chain Fv transcripts by targeted RNA trans-splicing

Use of SMaRTTM for antibodies production  

Schlesinger J, Arama D, Noy H, Dagash M, Belinky P, Gross G. (2003). In-cell generation of antibody single-chain Fv transcripts by targeted RNA trans-splicing. J Immunol Methods. 282:175-86.

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SMaRTTM Compared to "Spicing Endonuclease"

Mending the message

News and views on another form of mRNA repair using “splicing endonuclease” compared to SMaRTTM and ribozymes

Garcia-Blanco MA. (2003) Mending the message. Nat Biotechnol. 21:1448-9.

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Repair of Hemophilia A Mutations by SMaRTTM

Phenotype Correction of Hemophilia A Mice by Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing

Repair of mutations responsible for bleeding disorder (hemophilia A) by SMaRTTM-PTMs leading to restoration of phenotype in mice  

Chao, H., Mansfield, S. G., Bartel, R., Hiriyanna, S., Mitchell, L. G., Garcia-Blanco, M. A., and Walsh, C. E. (2003). Phenotype Correction of Hemophilia A Mice by Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing. Nature Medicine. 9:1015-9.

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Repair by RNA Trans-Splicing

5’ Exon Replacement and Repair by Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing


Mansfield, S. G., Hawkins-Clark, R., Puttaraju, M., Kole, J., Cohn, J. A., Mitchell, L. G., and Garcia-Blanco, M. A. (2003). 5’ Exon Replacement and Repair by Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing. RNA.  9:1290-7.

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Messenger RNA Reprogramming by SMaRTTM

Messenger RNA reprogramming by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing

Garcia-Blanco MA. (2003). Messenger RNA reprogramming by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing. J Clin Invest.112:474-80.

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Correction of Inherited Skin Diseases Using SMaRTTM

Development of Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing (SMaRT™) for the Correction of Inherited Skin Diseases

Development of SMaRTTM for correction of inherited skin diseases

Dallinger, G., Puttaraju, M., Mitchell, L. G., Yancey, K. B., Yee, C., Klausegger, A., Hintner, H., and Bauer, J. W. (2003).  Development of Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing (SMaRT™) for the Correction of Inherited Skin Diseases.  Experimental Dermatology 12: 37-46.

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Emerging RNA Therapeutics Including SMaRTTM

Emerging clinical applications of RNA.

Review article on emerging RNA therapeutics including SMaRTTM

Sullenger BA, Gilboa E. (2002) Emerging clinical applications of RNA. Nature. 418:252-258.

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Repair of F508 CFTR Mutation Using SMaRTTM

Functional Restoration of CFTR Chloride Conductance in Human CF Epithelia by Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing

Repair of the major F508 CFTR mutation in human cystic fibrosis airway cells and restoration of function using SMaRTTM

Liu, X., Jiang, Q., Mansfield, S. G., Puttaraju, M., Zhang, Y., Zhou, W., Garcia-Blanco, M. A., Mitchell, L. G., and Engelhardt, J. F. (2002).  Functional Restoration of CFTR Chloride Conductance in Human CF Epithelia by Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing.  Nature Biotechnology 20: 47-52.

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Messenger RNA Repair Using SMaRTTM

Messenger RNA repair and restoration of protein function by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing

Puttaraju, M., DiPasquale J, Baker CC, Mitchell LG, Garcia-Blanco MA. (2001). Messenger RNA repair and restoration of protein function by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing.  Mol Ther 4: 105-114.

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Development of SMaRTTM to Replace Part of Cancer Causing Sequence

Promiscuity of pre-mRNA spliceosome-mediated trans-splicing: a problem for gene therapy?

Development of SMaRTTM to replace part of cancer causing sequence in mutant RET protooncogene

Kikumori T, Cote GJ, Gagel RF. (2001). Promiscuity of pre-mRNA spliceosome-mediated trans-splicing: a problem for gene therapy? Hum Gene Ther. 12:1429-41.

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Types of SMaRTTM Reactions For Gene Therapy

Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing in Gene Therapy and Genomics

Review article on different types of SMaRTTM reactions that can be used for gene therapy

Garcia-Blanco, M. A, Puttaraju, M., Mansfield, S. G., and Mitchell, L. G. (2000).  Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing in Gene Therapy and Genomics.  Gene Therapy and Regulation 1: 141-163.

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Collagen 17A1 Gene Correction Using SMaRTTM

Collagen 17A1 Gene Correction Using Spliceosome Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing (SMaRT™) Technology

Dallinger, G., Puttaraju, M., Mitchell, L. G., Yancey, K. B., Hintner, H., and Bauer, J. W. (2000).  Collagen 17A1 Gene Correction Using Spliceosome Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing (SMaRT™) Technology.  J. Investigative Dermatology 115: 332.

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Repair of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Condcutance Regulator By SMaRTTM

Repair of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator mRNA by Spliceosome Mediated RNA Trans-splicing

Mansfield, S. G, Kole, J., Puttaraju M., Yang, C. C., Garcia-Blanco, M. A., Cohn, J. A., and Mitchell, L. G. (2000).  Repair of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator mRNA by Spliceosome Mediated RNA Trans-splicing.  Gene Therapy 7: 1885-1895.

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SMaRTTM For Gene Therapy & RNA Repair

Spliceosome Mediated Targeted Trans-splicing, a New Tool for Gene Therapy and RNA Repair

First SMaRTTM publication showing the potentials of this technology for repair and reprogramming of mRNA for therapeutic applications

Puttaraju, M., Jamison, S. F., Mansfield, S. G., Garcia-Blanco, M. A., and Mitchell, L. G. (1999).  Spliceosome Mediated Targeted Trans-splicing, a New Tool for Gene Therapy and RNA Repair.  Nature BioTechnology 17: 246-252.

 

 

 

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